Country Name 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 15.9544666 17.49498297 18.37946407 19.14976099 19.62177155 20.7630079 21.17763931 22.59199849 23.38834476 25.00122581 25.58087481 25.92921479 27.07585072 29.1786035 28.91228149 29.11108083 30.49174642 32.04549637 31.96655511 32.48345631 32.6269762 34.87401277 35.76438118 36.53690231 37.75426974 38.45412842 42.80851318 Angola 11.39780807 12.57937908 13.76043987 14.93844128 16.11032486 17.27303123 18.42350197 19.55867577 20.67549515 21.77090073 22.84335518 20 24.93909454 25.97450829 27.00970078 28.05073547 29.10367584 37.5 31.268013 32.38246918 33.5149498 34.6 35.82196426 36.99048996 32 42 40.52060699 Benin 7.311272144 8.683940887 10.05609989 11.42519951 12.78818035 14.14198494 14.5 16.80982399 18.11774254 19.40424538 20.66779709 21.9 23.14573288 24.37224388 25.59853554 26.8306675 27.9 29.33671188 30.62123871 31.92679214 34.2 36.9 38.4 37.29920578 34.1 40.03347778 41.40261459 Botswana 6.043880463 10.1 10.36972141 12.52932739 14.68281555 16.82712746 18.95920181 21.07597923 23.17440414 25.25141525 27.30547333 24.8 31.36442184 33.38143921 35.39823532 37.42087555 39.45542145 41.50793457 43.1 45.67902756 47.79311371 53.24 52.06333923 54.21347046 56.36960983 58.52875137 60.68839645 Burkina Faso 2.610557318 3.308718681 4.006370068 6.1 5.389437199 6.068734169 6.735794544 7.387559414 8.020970345 6.9 9.222010612 9.792644501 10.35093212 11.4 11.45471954 12.01234436 12.5818758 13.16937447 13.77939415 14.4104414 13.1 15.72360229 16.39970779 17.08482742 19.2 18.47008133 19.16471291 Burundi 0.348627061 0.688546002 1.027955055 1.364305139 1.694536924 2.015591383 2.324409485 2.617931843 3.9 3.146853924 3.377655506 3.590047359 3.79009223 3.983853579 4.17739439 3.207317073 4.588065624 4.817322254 4.8 5.341904163 5.3 5.938580036 6.5 6.583319187 7 7.2520895 7.588477135 Cabo Verde 32.55810165 34.92931366 37.3000145 39.66765976 42.02918625 44.38153458 46.72164536 49.04646301 51.35292435 53.63796997 55.90006638 58.14375305 58.6 62.60014725 64.82498169 67 69.29824066 71.55879211 73.84185791 76.14595795 81.1 80.80522156 83.1543808 85.51255035 87.87672424 90.24390411 92.61158752 Cameroon 30.12971687 29 32.55559921 33.76522446 34.96873474 36.16306686 37.34516144 38.51195908 40.7 40.78743744 41 46.2 44.05050659 45.11754227 47.1 47.25702286 49 48.2 50.56917572 51.71525574 52.8793602 53.7 55.24962616 56.44977951 56.8 58.86510086 60.07476807 Central African Republic 0.01 0.53883028 1.081371188 1.682021976 2.276554585 3 3.435028553 3.992851973 4.532320499 5.050375462 6 6.022170544 6.486515999 6.944578171 7.402419567 7.866103649 7.805169325 8.835249901 9.351327896 9.888433456 9.8 11.01371098 11.59587574 12.18705177 12.78423595 13.38442326 13.98511219 Chad 0.01 0.030787271 0.108397804 0.297480613 0.575130105 1.003540397 1.419714212 2.3 2.203116179 2.564226151 2.902383566 3.222131252 3.529532194 3.830649137 3.5 4.438284397 4.756928444 5.093541145 5.452673912 5.832834721 6.4 6.64422226 7.069441795 7.503673077 7.943912029 7.7 8.830898285 Comoros 15.2995491 17.76657677 20.23309326 22.69655228 25.15389252 27.6020546 28.9 32.45861053 34.86088562 37.24174881 39.59965897 41.93915939 44.8 46.58718109 48.9078331 51.23432159 53.57271957 55.92908478 58.30796814 60.70788193 63.12582016 65.55877686 69.3 70.45773315 72.91772461 75.38071442 77.84421539 "Congo, Dem. Rep." 0.01 0.582454681 1.183003187 1.911180377 2.633239269 3.346121073 4.046766281 4.732116222 5.399111271 6.044692516 6.7 7.271540165 7.86341238 8.449001312 9.034368515 6 10.22869492 15.2 11.49338341 12.15801525 12.84067059 13.53834534 15.4 14.9667387 13.5 16.41916466 17.14737892 "Congo, Rep." 0.01 0.834693372 1.627603769 3.979705572 6.325689316 8.662495613 10.98706532 13.29633999 15.58725929 17.85676575 20.10331917 22.33146286 24.54726028 26.75677299 28.96606445 33.8 33.40824127 35.65324783 37.92077637 37.1 42.51591492 44.83751297 41.6 49.5137558 51.86239243 60.4 56.56616974 Cote d'Ivoire 36.65949249 37.78728104 38.91461563 40.03924942 36.5 42.2695694 43.36985016 44.45660019 45.52711487 48.2 47.61742401 48.64391708 51.4 50.67906189 51.69551468 58.9 53.74567795 54.78623962 55.83730316 56.8971138 57.96392822 59.03598785 55.8 61.18886185 61.9 64.0861969 64.3 Equatorial Guinea 58.59144211 59.01051712 59.42907715 59.8445816 60.25396729 60.6541748 61.04214859 61.41482162 61.76914597 62.10205078 62.41200638 62.70355225 62.98274994 63.25566483 63.52836227 63.80689621 64.09733582 64.40574646 64.73667908 65.08863831 65.45861816 66.1 66.24063873 66.64666748 67.05870819 67.47374725 67.88928986 Eritrea 17.8409462 19.01162148 20.18178749 21.34889221 22.50988197 22.9 24.80126762 25.92554474 27.03146935 28.11598015 29.17753792 30.22068596 32.2 32.27600479 33.30030441 34.33044434 35.37248611 36.43249893 37.51503372 38.61859512 39.74018097 40.87678528 42.02540588 43.1830368 44.34667587 45.51332092 46.68046188 Ethiopia 0.01 0.01 0.027324773 0.157241911 0.598653972 1.11878562 2.780768871 4.427456856 6.055789948 7.662709236 12.7 10.81223297 12.36544323 13.91236973 15.45907593 14 18.57607841 20.15850067 21.76344299 23.38941193 25.0334053 23 28.36344719 30.04348755 27.2 33.41859055 42.9 Gabon 64.61288452 65.70444489 66.79550171 67.88349915 68.96537018 70.03807068 71.09853363 72.14369965 73.17051697 74.17591858 73.6 76.12239838 77.07408905 78.0194931 78.96468353 81.6 80.87863922 81.85954285 82.86296082 83.88741302 84.92988586 85.98738098 89.3 86.4 89.21994019 90.30747223 91.39550018 "Gambia, The" 16.23235321 17.50630569 18.77974892 17.7 21.31439972 22.56948662 23.81233978 25.03989601 26.24909782 27.43688583 34.3 29.74814606 30.88222504 32.01002121 33.13759613 30.4562675 35.41633606 36.57962418 37.76543808 38.97227478 40.19713593 41.43701935 42.68891525 44.5 45.21674347 46.48666382 47.75708771 Ghana 23.53626251 25.68720436 27.83763504 30.6 32.12625885 34.25833893 36.37817764 38.48272324 42.6 42.63368607 44.67551041 46.69892502 48.70999146 48.3 52.71933746 54.72974396 55.09345008 58.7923317 60.5 62.93895721 65.04080963 64.06256 69.28656006 70.7 78.3 75.71527863 79.3 Guinea 6.429067135 7.474211216 8.518845558 9.560420036 10.59587669 11.62215614 12.636199 13.63494682 14.61533928 16.4 16.51034546 17.42796135 18.33323097 19.23221779 20.13098335 20.2 21.95210457 22.88658714 23.84358788 24.82161713 25.81767082 26.82874298 26.2 28.88393211 29.92204094 30.96315193 33.5 Guinea-Bissau 0.01 0.265749454 0.541686714 1.192769289 1.837733626 2.473520517 3.097071171 3.705326319 4.295226574 4.863713264 5.409247398 5.936371803 6.451149464 6.959643364 7.467916489 7.982031822 14.5361991 9.052042007 9.618552208 4.7 6 11.43223 12.06482601 12.70643425 17.2 14.00467014 14.65579033 Kenya 3.318389893 4.614890099 5.910881042 10.9 8.490625381 9.768261909 11.03366089 12.28376484 14.5 14.72585011 15.9132328 17.08220673 18.23883247 16 20.5392971 21.69526291 22.86313248 24.04897118 25.25732994 23 19.2 28.99655342 30.27099991 31.55445671 36 41.6 56 Lesotho 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01357957 0.061689552 0.301523358 0.956824481 4.258760108 3.629649639 5.303376675 6.97081995 6.8 10.31110764 9.7 13.69901657 15.42447567 17 18.93547249 20.71500206 22.50654793 24.30710411 27.8 27.92323875 29.73330879 Liberia 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.011186852 0.044350129 0.244776547 3 1.75265646 1.9 5.146131039 4.1 8.599683762 9.8 9.4 13.84009171 19.8 Madagascar 9.571782112 10.0140934 9.2 10.89463806 11.32726288 11.75070953 12.16192055 10.9 12.93539619 13.29154301 13.62473679 14.8 14.24195862 20.3 14.83404636 15.13582134 15.44950294 15.78115177 16.13532257 17.4 16.90373993 14.3 17.73223686 12.9 18.59678078 19.03506088 22.9 Malawi 1.120719671 1.5494591 3.2 2.402858973 2.821911097 3.231786013 3.629424572 4.011767387 4.375755787 4.718330383 4.8 5.339164257 5.628029823 6.2 6.9 6.4811759 3.653227333 7.099361897 7.439959526 7.801584721 8.7 7.6 7.4 9 11.9 10.8 11 Mali 0.01 0.023679812 0.130867511 0.511635363 0.885507882 2.492473841 6.2 5.666636944 7.227716446 8.767381668 10.28409481 10.8 13.26835442 14.7480278 16.22747993 17.71277428 16.6 20.72514153 22.26283073 24.03089583 25.39828682 26.99004555 25.6 30.20660782 31.82540131 37.6 35.06949997 Mauritania 3.886186838 5.400185108 6.913673878 8.424103737 9.928415298 11.4235487 12.90644646 14.37404919 15.82329655 17.25112915 18.65601158 22.2 21.4166069 22.78444862 24.15206909 18.2 26.91089821 33.04054054 30 31.18697548 32.65188217 34.13181305 35.62375641 37.12471008 38.8 39.5 41.65210724 Mauritius 99.23442078 99.2784729 99.32201385 99.36250305 99.39686584 99.42205811 99.43501282 99.43267059 99.41197205 99.36986542 99 99.22132874 99.4 99.02339935 98.92108154 98.82460022 98.74002075 98.67340851 98.62932587 98.60626221 98.60122681 99.4 98.63320923 98.66422272 98.70124054 98.74125671 98.78178406 Mozambique 0.01 0.010269812 0.029886074 0.159723803 0.559485316 1.17910111 2.318697929 6.6 4.548945904 5.633478642 6.695058823 5.7 8.769053459 8.1 10.8179121 11.84807396 12.89014149 13.95017719 13.57122385 15 17.25792313 20.2 19.54319191 20.70084572 21.86450768 24 24.19833946 Namibia 25.2347908 26.31731606 26.4 28.47828865 29.55112839 30.61478996 31.66621399 32.70234299 33.72011948 34.71648026 36.5 36.64488602 37.58753967 38.52390671 39.4600563 40.4020462 41.35594177 43.7 43.32218933 44.33760071 45.37103653 46.41949081 47.4799614 47.4 49.62493515 50.70343018 51.78242493 Niger 2.290002346 2.887128115 4.4 4.077301025 4.664740086 6.2 7 6.359755516 6.7 7.403091431 6.481481481 8.3606987 8.817951202 9.268918991 9.719666481 7.1 9.3 11.1312151 11.64019966 12.17021084 12.71824646 14.3 14.4 14.44045448 15.03054428 16.6 16.21723366 Nigeria 27.3 33.55838013 34.61891174 35.67638779 36.72774506 37.76992416 38.79986954 39.81451416 40.81081009 44.9 42.73761368 43.67113113 44.59230042 52.2 46.42185211 47.34236145 48.27477646 50.13091943 50.3 51.1919899 48 55.9 54.26990509 55.6 56.37191391 52.5 59.3 Rwanda 0.01 0.01 2.3 0.0427722 0.188256279 0.577478111 1.162302732 2.141790152 3.102922916 4.042642117 6.2 5.857765675 6.743775368 7.623501778 8.503006935 4.8 10.28560829 11.20083046 6 13.09734249 9.7 10.8 16.06977654 15.2 19.8 22.8 29.37 Sao Tome and Principe 42.75796509 43.6918335 44.62519073 45.55548859 46.47967148 47.39467239 48.29743958 49.18491364 50.05402756 50.9017334 52.9 52.53282166 53.32681656 54.11452866 54.90201569 55.69534683 56.50058746 57.3237915 58.16951752 56.9 59.92104721 60.82084274 57.9 62.65348053 68.6 64.51014709 65.44048309 Senegal 25.13053513 26.65760231 28.18415833 26 31.22503471 32.73323822 34.22920227 32.2 37.17218781 36.2 62.2570631 41.43057632 36.8 44.19868088 36.8 47.1 49.9 49.78073883 51.21966171 53.5 54.15758896 56.5 57.15559769 57 61 60.5 64.5 Sierra Leone 7.0815382 7.520792484 7.959536552 8.39522171 8.824788094 9.245178223 9.653330803 10.04618835 10.42069149 10.77378082 11.10391712 11.41564369 11.71502399 12.00812054 16.8 11.33248552 12.91033745 13.23892975 12.1 13.96218109 11.46217307 14.2 15.17472649 13.5 16.03315544 16.46837616 20.3 Somalia 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.024699653 0.136908397 0.525144458 0.950777709 2.487471581 4.002751827 5.495079517 6.968997478 7.4 9.885855675 11.34092236 12.80183125 15.23378582 15.76542854 17.2787323 18.81306267 20.36541748 21.93279076 23.51218033 25.10058212 26.69499207 28.29240417 29.89031792 South Africa 59.33794022 60.57508087 61.81171036 63.04528427 64.2727356 65.49101257 57.6 67.88779449 64.9 70.21115875 71.33917999 70.2 77.1 78.8 80.9 80.9 80.7 82 81.9 82.7 82.9 84.7 85.3 85.4 86 85.5 84.2 South Sudan 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.011315047 0.033698916 0.15520826 0.502949536 1.021752357 3 1.5 3.918669462 4.912345409 5.915032864 6.923728466 7.935427666 8.947628021 Sudan 32.8 27.0560112 27.57832146 28.09757042 28.61070251 29.11465645 29.60637474 30.082798 30.54086494 30.97751999 23 31.78651237 32.16945648 32.54611969 32.92256165 33.3048439 33.69903183 34.11118698 34.54586411 29 35.47529984 35.96404648 36.46480942 36.97458649 44.9 38.00915527 38.52844238 Swaziland 0.01 0.423998952 1.448824644 3.002629757 5.792140007 8.572473526 11.3405695 14.09337044 16.82781792 19.54084969 22.23093033 26.9 27.56192398 30.21496391 32.86778259 35.52644348 35.2 40.88554764 43.59660339 46.32868576 45.55233761 51.84391785 54.62106323 57.40721512 65 62.99454498 65.79020691 Tanzania 2.483708858 3.234415293 6.8 4.731749058 5.47276783 6.204609871 9.4 7.62852478 8.314479828 8 9.620610237 10.24378967 10.85462189 11.1 11.4 12.67366886 13.2957449 13.93578815 11.5 11.2 14.8 14.2 15.3 16.4 18.91017914 18.5 32.8 Togo 0.01 0.942452967 2.845301628 4.745091438 6.638762474 8.523256302 10.39551449 12.25247669 15.3 15.90827751 16.95623488 19.47834969 21.24183464 22.99903679 24.75601578 26.51883888 27.9 30.08626366 31.90147972 33.7377243 30.79174368 39.7 39.3425827 41.23289871 45.7 45.02854538 46.92837524 Uganda 1.266457081 5.6 2.767665863 3.514956474 4.256128788 6.8 5.707881927 6.412344933 7.098453045 7.763147831 8.40489006 8.6 7.8 10.24390888 10.84839058 8.9 9 12.72113991 13.38385677 10 14.76937103 14.6 16.21496391 13.9 20.4 18.5 26.7 Zambia 13.9 14.11542606 19.2 15.28750324 15.86589432 16.43510818 17.3 17.5337677 19 18.55900764 16.7 19.4985199 17.4 18.5 20.3 21.27788544 21.7373333 18.5 22.71468544 23.23564911 22 24.3286438 24.89466667 25.46970177 27.9 31.1 27.21933746 Zimbabwe 30.35783195 30.71880531 28.2 31.43667793 28.1 32.13007736 32.45994949 32.7745285 33.07075119 38.4 33.59741974 33.83086777 34.2 34.26678467 34.48138046 34.70182037 37.2 35.18447876 35.45730972 43.36908187 36.06305695 36.9 36.72887802 37.07681274 32.3 33.7 38.14513779